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Match snaps to apps
by Glenn Duzy
Issue: Sep 2005
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Implementing snapshots for e-mail storage
Here's a typical way to use snapshots for Microsoft Exchange 2000/2003. This configuration allows an Exchange administrator to restore the entire Exchange environment, individual mailboxes or even individual messages (using third-party software).

The Exchange server is connected to a storage array using Fibre Channel (FC) or iSCSI, and has the ability to make snapshots of existing logical unit numbers (LUNs) available to other hosts. Nightly, software on the Exchange server creates a differential or full-copy snapshot. Once this process completes, the Exchange server or another host runs ESEFILE.EXE against the snapshot of the Exchange database to verify that it's free of corruption. Verification requires considerable host CPU resources and generates significant I/O on the storage. For large Exchange databases, it may make sense to offload this process to another server. The I/O load will determine whether to use differential or full-copy snapshots. Using a differential snapshot for the verification process will impact the performance of the production data, since most of the data blocks referenced by the differential snapshot will be in the production LUN.

The Mailbox/message recovery server is used to restore individual user mailboxes or individual messages from the snapshot. There are many tools that provide this ability, including CommVault Systems Inc.'s Galaxy Backup & Recovery for Microsoft Exchange 2000/2003, Kroll Ontrack Inc.'s PowerControls and Quest Software Inc.'s Recovery Manager for Exchange. All of these tools allow for the recovery of individual messages and mailboxes from a snapshot without having to use a recovery server.

QA and debug
Quality assurance (QA) and debug environments benefit significantly from both full-copy and differential-copy snapshots. The following steps are typical of a QA/debug scenario:

  1. Create a dump of production data
  2. Copy dump to test bed
  3. Load dump data into test system
  4. Run through first pass of QA/debug tests
  5. Reload original dump data
  6. Repeat Steps 3 and 4 until done
  7. Repeat Steps 1 through 5 for next QA cycle
Many times, Step 1 represents only a portion of the production environment. This is because it would be too expensive to recreate the production environment, or loading the dump data into the test system takes too long. Using a combination of full-copy and differential snapshots, the process could change to the following:
  1. Update full-copy snapshot of production data
  2. Break mirror relationship
  3. Create a differential snapshot of full-copy snapshot data
  4. Load dump data into test system
  5. Create a differential snapshot of the test system configuration
  6. Run through first pass of QA/debug tests
  7. Restore test system to differential snapshot created in Step 5
  8. Repeat Steps 3 and 4 until done
  9. Repeat Steps 1 through 5 for next QA cycle
Eliminating the production system dump and multiple reloads of the dump data shortens the QA/debug cycle. This makes it easier to test using the full system data, and allows more testing in a shorter timeframe.

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